Use this template for your individual self study planning and brainstorming. First think about the areas where you would like to place your focus during the institute. Then think about the tools and resources outlined on this site and how they can help you meet your goals. Once you've done some individual brainstorming we'll guide you through an activity to help you refine your goals and form a group.

What is an area where you'd like to work on personal growth? Some examples:

• Organizing online bookmarks and materials so they are easy to find
• Building a bank of photos and media to use throughout the year
• Setting up units and homework activities online
  

What is an area of student achievement where you'd like to focus? Some examples:

• Helping students master vocabulary terms.
  
• Developing units for student collaborative projects during the year

During DLSI I IV you've had a chance to explore many tools. How will you use these to support learning in your classroom?

• Studywiz
• Podcasting
• Wikis and Blogs
• Del.icio.us
• iLife
• iWork

Now record your goals for this week:

Personal Growth Goal:
Gathering electronic resources to be used for various units throughout the year

Before History

Forming the Complex Society

• Basic development:

• Hunting and Foraging

• Agriculture

• Complex Society

• Key issue: surplus capital

• Major development of first complex societies 3500 BCE – 500 BCE

Prehistory

• What is “history”?

• Documentation

• Written records

• Archaeological discovery

• Requisite human presence (or “natural” history)

Development of Hominids

• Animals adapt themselves to environment

• Hominids adapt environment to themselves

• Use of tools

• Language

• Complex cooperative social structures

Australopithecus

https://www.msu.edu/~robin400/robustus.html

• “The southern ape” – despite name a hominid

• Discovery of skeleton AL 288 1 north of Addis Ababa Ethiopia

• Nicknamed “Lucy”

• 40% of SWF 3’5” 55lb. bipedal Brain 500 cc (modern human: 1400 cc) limited speech but opposable digit

• Estimated date of death: 3.5 million years ago

Later Hominids

• Homo Erectus “upright man”

• Larger brain capacity (1000 cc) improved tool use control of fire

• Homo Sapiens “consciously thinking human”

• Largest brain esp. frontal regions

• most sophisticated tools and social organization

• Migrations of Homo Erectus and Homo Sapiens

http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey/timeline.swf

Global spread of hominids and Homo sapiens: The Natural Environment

• By 13000 BCE Homo sapiens in every inhabitable part of the world

• Archaeological finds:

• Sophisticated tools

• Choppers scrapers axes knives bows arrows
  
• Cave and hut like dwellings
  
• Use of fire animal skins

• Hunted several mammal species to extinction

• Climactic change may have accelerated process

Paleolithic Era (“Old Stone Age”)

• Evidence:

• Archaeological finds

• Extrapolation from modern hunter gatherer societies

• Nomadic existence precludes advanced civilization

• Groups of 30 50

• Division of labor along gender lines

Relative Social Equality

• Nomadic culture precludes accumulation of land based wealth

• More likely determinants of status: age hunting skill fertility personality

• Possible gender equality related to food production

• Men: protein from hunting

• Women: plant gathering

Big Game Hunting

• Evidence of intelligent coordination of hunting expeditions

• Development of weaponry

• Animal skin disguises

• Stampeding tactics

• Lighting of fires etc. to drive game into kill zones

• Requires planning communication

Paleolithic Settlement

• Natufian society

• Modern Israel and Jordan

• Wild wheat herding

• Jomon society

• Japan

• Wild buckwheat fishing

• Chinook society

• Pacific Northwest

• Berries acorns salmon runs

• Groups of 1000 or more

Neandertal Peoples
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsSOcwY79ig

• Neander valley western Germany

• Flourished in Europe & SW Asia 200 000 – 35 000 years ago

• Also found in Africa east Asia

• Evidence of spirituality: ritual burial

• Inhabited some of the same areas as Homo sapiens

Creativity of Homo Sapiens

• Constructed flexible languages for communication of complex ideas

• Increased variety of tools – stone blades spear throwers sewing needles barbed harpoons

• Fabricated ornamental beads necklaces and bracelets

• The bow and arrow – a dramatic improvement in humans power over nature

• “Venus” figurines

• Cave paintings

Neolithic Era (“New Stone Age”)

• Distinction in tool production

• Chipped vs. polished

• Men: herding animals rather than hunting

• Women: nurtured vegetation rather than foraging

• Spread of Agriculture

• Slash and and burn techniques

• Exhaustion of soil promotes migration

• Transport of crops from one region to another

Origins and early spread of Agriculture and Population Growth

• Early Agricultural Society

• Emergence of villages and towns

• Discoveries at Catal Hüyük – a prominent village located in Turkey occupied 7250 5400 BCE

• Pots baskets textiles leather stone metal tools wood carvings carpets beads and jewelry

• Development of crafts –pottery metallurgy and textile production

• Social Distinctions

• Accumulation of landed wealth initiates development of social classes

• Individuals could trade surplus food for valuable items

• Archaeological evidence in variety of household decorations goods buried with deceased members of society at Çatal Hüyük

Neolithic Culture

• Farmers closely observed the natural world – early applied science

• Elements of natural environment essential for functioning

• Archaeological evidence of religious worship: thousands of clay figurines drawings on pots tool decorations other ritual objects

• Fertility: Venus figurines

Beginnings of Urbanization

• Jericho: concentration of wealth building a wall

• Craft specialization

• Social stratification

• Governance

• Cultural workers

• Development of the city – a gradual process